Native Plants for Southern California Pollinators - FineGardening (2024)

Winter is a great time to add new plants to your garden, and what better to add than California natives? California natives have evolved with our local weather conditions, soil, and fauna. You can look forward to attracting local birds, bees, butterflies, and moths with many plants that are endemic to our region.

Plant selection and garden maintenance are key to attracting wildlife

Both plant selection and how you maintain those plants are key to attracting animals such as pollinators and birds. Butterflies are attracted to nectar plants that they can land on while they feed. When choosing native plants for nectar, keep in mind the flower shape. Flat or daisylike flowers are best for butterflies, while tubular-shaped flowers are perfect for moths and hummingbirds. A wilder garden maintenance approach will also encourage wildlife. That means less deadheading and leaf debris removal. As you let spent flowers set seed and allow fallen leaves to protect the soil, birds will flock to the scene for both seed left undisturbed and worms in plant debris.

Native plants for native pollinators

California native bees will be supported by the plants you select for your garden. Did you know that there are 1,500 different species of bees native to California? Your garden will buzz with life as you incorporate pollen and nectar resources for them. Additionally, many California natives have pollinators that depend on them. An example of this evolutionary reliance is the monarch butterfly and its relationship with narrow-leaf milkweed (Asclepias fascicularis, Zones 6–10). This plant is a food source for monarch caterpillars and an important nectar source for other butterflies. Plant this milkweed and know that you are helping to support an endangered pollinator.

If you are looking to incorporate a few more California natives into your garden, here are some that can fit into almost any gardening style.

Showy penstemon

Penstemon spectabilis, Zone 8–11

Expect to see many bumblebees and hummingbirds on these striking purple flowers. Showy penstemon is tolerant of various soils, including clay, but should be planted in full sun. It will reach about 3 feet tall and flower from April to June. Plant en masse for even more impact.

San Diego pitcher sage

Lepechinia fragrans, Zone 9–10

This is one of my favorite California natives because the smell of the foliage has an intoxicating, fruity scent. San Diego pitcher sage is incredibly durable and tolerates full sun to dappled shade. Plant in fast-draining soil, in a location where it can be brushed against for wafts of fragrance. Hummingbirds and bumblebees love the bell-shaped flowers that bloom from spring through summer. San Diego pitcher sage reaches 4 feet tall and 3 feet wide at maturity. Prune in late summer through fall for a fresh flush of growth.

Tall evening primrose

Oenothera elata, Zones 7–9

Tall evening primrose is the host plant of white-lined sphinx moths. Also known as hummingbird moths, these sizable moths can be easily mistaken for the tiny birds. Tall evening primrose is tall and narrow, reaching about 5 to 6 feet in height, so keep it toward the back of the garden. It does readily seed itself, and birds go wild for its seed heads in late summer. Tall evening primrose takes full sun and is adaptable to multiple soil types.

Island alum root

Heuchera maxima, Zones 8–10

This blooming shade plant is beloved by hummers and moths alike. I have seen white-lined sphinx moths all over this plant! Island alum root has a compact habit, with foliage reaching about a foot tall. Wandlike flower spikes shoot up above foliage about another 18 inches. This is one charming native plant that looks most striking planted in masses.

‘Margarita BOP’ foothill penstemon

Penstemon heterophyllus ‘Margarita BOP’, Zones 6–10

This striking cultivar of foothill penstemon has electric blue flowers. The tubular flowers attract hummingbirds, bees, and moths. ‘Margarita BOP’ does best in full sun and fast-draining soil. This plant is perfect for a cottage garden. It blooms from April through August, and its compact form reaches about 2 feet tall and wide.

Honorable mentions

California lilac (Ceanothus spp. and cvs., Zones 7–9), California brittlebush (Encelia californica Zones 9–10), and coyote mint (Monardella villosa, Zones 8–11) are three additional Southern California native, flowering perennials that will bring wildlife flocking to your garden. For more information on native plants in Southern California, check out these articles:

  • Best Native Plants for California
  • Care Tips for Drought-Deciduous Native Plants in Southern California
  • Five Natives for Slope Retention in Southern California

—Cara Hanstein is a head gardener at the Huntington Library, Art Museum, and Botanical Gardens in San Marino, California.

Native Plants for Southern California Pollinators - FineGardening (2024)

FAQs

Native Plants for Southern California Pollinators - FineGardening? ›

Butterflies require plenty of bright sunlight as well as damp cool areas in order to thrive. Choose a large area that's bright and sunny for butterfly-attracting plants, but is also not too far from a shaded wooded area, pond or other water source where butterflies can drink from the moist soil.

How to create a butterfly garden in southern California? ›

Butterflies require plenty of bright sunlight as well as damp cool areas in order to thrive. Choose a large area that's bright and sunny for butterfly-attracting plants, but is also not too far from a shaded wooded area, pond or other water source where butterflies can drink from the moist soil.

What pollinators are native to California? ›

Science: Pollinators
  • Three bees native to California: digger bee (Anthophora urbana), Hoplitis fulgida, and Crotch bumble bee (Bombus crotchii). ...
  • Ruby-throated hummingbird (Archilochus colubris).
  • Becker's white butterfly (Pontia beckerii). ...
  • Pollinator garden. ...
  • Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus plexippus).

How to help native California bees? ›

All you have to do is give them what they want – water, flowers, and nesting sites – and avoid what they don't want – pesticides (it's best for bees and other beneficial insects to avoid all use of pesticides).

What weeds are in the pollinator garden? ›

In established pollinator plantings during the growing season, the best strategy for coping with weeds is to hand-pull them as soon as you see them. This prevents weeds from becoming well-established, producing seeds or spreading by vegetative tissues.

What is the best plant for monarch butterflies in southern California? ›

During spring and summer, monarchs leave hundreds of overwintering sites along the California coast and fan out across the western landscape to breed and lay eggs on milkweed (Asclepias spp.), the monarch's host plant.

What is the native California butterfly bush? ›

Buddleja davidii (butterfly bush) is a shrub (family Buddlejaceae) with a cluster of pink to purple flowers and narrow leaves found in the San Francisco Bay area and coastal ranges of California, and is invasive in the Pacific Northwest.

Do pollinators prefer native plants? ›

Choosing native plants can help local pollinators such as bees, butterflies, hummingbirds, bats, and more! Pollinators are responsible for 1 out of 3 bites of food we take each day. They are essential for the health of our ecosystems and the health of many of our food crops.

What is the world's best pollinator? ›

Bees are the most important pollinator. Honeybees, for example, are responsible for pollinating over 110 crops that we eat and use every day, like tasty apples and delicious strawberries.

Do bees like California poppies? ›

California poppies are like magnets for bees, and their radiant orange blossoms are hard for these creatures to resist. Packed with rich nectar and pollen, these blooms offer bees an irresistible feast.

How to support native pollinators? ›

Rotate garden crops from year to year. Water the garden as needed, not on a schedule. Choose plants that have not been treated with pesticides. Grow organically to encourage native pest predators such as lacewings and lady beetles to keep the pests in check.

What naturally makes bees go away? ›

Using Plants that Repel Bees

Another great way to get rid of bees naturally is to keep bee-repelling plants. Plants, like citronella, mint, and eucalyptus are all good options. If you don't want to add new plants to your yard, you can also try using citronella candles to ward off bees.

Is creeping thyme good for pollinators? ›

Creeping thyme is a non-native plant that blooms from July to September, a somewhat shorter period than white clover. It does best in full sun and in sandy or loamy soil. It has small pink flowers that provide pollinators with mostly nectar and some pollen.

Is creeping Charlie good for pollinators? ›

1981) found that bees foraging on creeping Charlie for 5.9 minutes obtained enough nectar from the flowers to make foraging on creeping Charlie energetically profitable. While Creeping Charlie could be a good nectar source for bees, we are not recommending that you let it take over your lawn.

Should you mulch a pollinator garden? ›

While not good for ground-nesting pollinators, mulch does help retain soil moisture, stave off weeds, and prevent soil erosion, so no need to forgo it entirely. Instead, utilize pollinator-friendly mulching practices! Wait to mulch until the start of summer to give ground-nesting pollinators time to emerge.

What time of year do you plant a butterfly garden? ›

Fall is a great time of year to plant things to attract butterflies; fall is the best season for planting in general, and in October the monarchs will migrate through and will be in need of nectar plants to feed on.

How do you make a homemade butterfly habitat? ›

You can use an old lantern or a box for your habitat. Cut windows in the box to ensure airflow. Using a piece of thin breathable mesh or fabric, secure screens to the side with hot glue so your caterpillars have fresh air. Be sure to have a solid surface at the top of the enclosure for the chrysalis to hang from.

How do you attract butterflies to a butterfly garden? ›

Butterfly adults generally feed only in the sun. If sun is limited in your landscape, try adding butterfly nectar sources to the vegetable garden. Plant for continuous bloom - Butterflies need nectar throughout the adult phase of their life span. Try to plant so that when one plant stops blooming, another begins.

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